機制 英文

2021

The Human Rights Council recorded one of its busiest years. Under the presidency of Ambassador Nazhat S. Khan of Fiji – the first held by a representative from a small island developing state in the Pacific – the Council continued to introduce innovations, break boundaries and set new human rights standards. It did this against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, which continued to disrupt countless lives and livelihoods around the world.

Innovations

In a landmark decision, the Council passed a resolution recognizing the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment for the first time.

For the first time in its 15-year history, the Council:

  • enabled delegates to vote remotely
  • attracted the highest number of dignitaries ever to speak at its sessions
  • supported the participation of 19 delegates from least developed countries and small island developing states through its SIDS/LDCs Trust Fund

Also, for the first time, the Council held five special sessions in 2021 - again demonstrating its effectiveness in responding to urgent global crises. These concerned:

  • Myanmar
  • the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and Israel
  • Afghanistan
  • Sudan
  • Ethiopia

Activities

In 2021, the Council extended the mandates of 17 Special Procedures and investigative bodies - and created seven new mandates:

  • an accountability project on Sri Lanka
  • a monitoring mission in Belarus
  • a Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and Israel
  • a Special Rapporteur for Afghanistan
  • a racial justice body addressing systemic racism in law enforcement around the globe
  • a Special Rapporteur on climate change
  • an investigative body for Ethiopia

Throughout the year, the Council enabled some 260 civil society organizations to deliver more than 900 statements.

The Council’s Universal Periodic Review Working Group held three sessions resulting in reviewing human rights situations in 41 states. Also, it held several thematic forums, panels and seminars between regular and special sessions.

Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM)

The COP established the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (Loss and Damage Mechanism), to address loss and damage associated with impacts of climate change, including extreme events and slow onset events, in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change at COP19 (November 2013) in Warsaw, Poland.

The implementation of the functions of the Loss and Damage Mechanism will be guided by the Executive Committee under the guidance of the COP.

Functions of the Loss and Damage Mechanism

The Loss and Damage Mechanism fulfills the role under the Convention of promoting implementation of approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, pursuant to decision 3/CP.18 and further elaborated in decision 2/CP.19, in a comprehensive, integrated and coherent manner by undertaking, inter alia, the following functions:

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  • 翻译

    ecological compensation mechanism

    句子

    生态效益补偿机制

    compensation and ecological benefits compensation mechanisms

    企业的自我约束机制

    self-regulating mechanism of enterprises

    市场导向的就业机制

    market-oriented employment mechanisms

    监督制约机制

    supervisory and disciplinary mechanisms

    转化机制

    to shift to new management mechanisms

    生态补偿机制

    ecological compensation mechanism

    转化经营机制

    to change the method of operation

    内部治理机制

    internal management mechanism

    投资制约机制

    investment control mechanism

    汇率机制

    ERM (Exchange Rate Mechanism)

    上海五国机制

    the Shanghai Five mechanism

    汇率机制

    ERM (Exchange Rate Mechanism)

    风险防范机制

    a risk prevention mechanism

    自律机制

    the self-discipline system

    传播机制

    mechanism of transmission

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