概述What is depression? A Mayo Clinic expert explains.Learn more about depression from Craig Sawchuk, Ph.D., L.P., clinical psychologist at Mayo Clinic.
Hi, I'm Dr. Craig Sawchuk, a clinical psychologist at Mayo Clinic. And I'm here to talk with you about depression. Whether you're looking for answers for yourself, a friend, or loved one, understanding the basics of depression can help you take the next step. What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder that causes feelings of sadness that won't go away. Unfortunately, there's a lot of stigma around depression. Depression isn't a weakness or a character flaw. It's not about being in a bad mood, and people who experience depression can't just snap out of it. Depression is a common, serious, and treatable condition. If you're experiencing depression, you're not alone. It honestly affects people of all ages and races and biological sexes, income levels and educational backgrounds. Approximately one in six people will experience a major depressive episode at some point in their lifetime, while up to 16 million adults each year suffer from clinical depression. There are many types of symptoms that make up depression. Emotionally, you may feel sad or down or irritable or even apathetic. Physically, the body really slows down. You feel tired. Your sleep is often disrupted. It's really hard to get yourself motivated. Your thinking also changes. It can just be hard to concentrate. Your thoughts tend to be much more negative. You can be really hard on yourself, feel hopeless and helpless about things. And even in some cases, have thoughts of not wanting to live. Behaviorally, you just want to pull back and withdraw from others, activities, and day-to-day responsibilities. These symptoms all work together to keep you trapped in a cycle of depression. Symptoms of depression are different for everyone. Some symptoms may be a sign of another disorder or medical condition. That's why it's important to get an accurate diagnosis. What causes depression? While there's no single cause of depression, most experts believe there's a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to depression risk. Biologically, we think about genetics or a family history of depression, health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease or thyroid disorders, and even hormonal changes that happen over the lifespan, such as pregnancy and menopause. Changes in brain chemistry, especially disruptions in neurotransmitters like serotonin, that play an important role in regulating many bodily functions, including mood, sleep, and appetite, are thought to play a particularly important role in depression. Socially stressful and traumatic life events, limited access to resources such as food, housing, and health care, and a lack of social support all contribute to depression risk. Psychologically, we think of how negative thoughts and problematic coping behaviors, such as avoidance and substance use, increase our vulnerability to depression. The good news is that treatment helps. Effective treatments for depression exist and you do have options to see what works best for you. Lifestyle changes that improve sleep habits, exercise, and address underlying health conditions can be an important first step. Medications such as antidepressants can be helpful in alleviating depressive symptoms. Therapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, teaches skills to better manage negative thoughts and improve coping behaviors to help break you out of cycles of depression. Whatever the cause, remember that depression is not your fault and it can be treated. To help diagnose depression, your health care provider may use a physical exam, lab tests, or a mental health evaluation. These results will help identify various treatment options that best fit your situation. Help is available. You don't have to deal with depression by yourself. Take the next step and reach out. If you're hesitant to talk to a health care provider, talk to a friend or loved one about how to get help. Living with depression isn't easy and you're not alone in your struggles. Always remember that effective treatments and supports are available to help you start feeling better. Want to learn more about depression? Visit mayoclinic.org. Do take care. 抑郁症是一种心境障碍，会令人持续感觉忧伤和丧失兴趣。抑郁症也称为重度抑郁障碍或临床抑郁症，会影响您的感受、思维和行为，可能导致各种情绪和身体问题。您可能难以进行正常的日常活动，有时可能感觉生命没有价值。 抑郁症不只是沮丧发作，也不是性格弱点，无法以“快刀斩乱麻”的方式轻松摆脱。抑郁症可能需要长期治疗。但别灰心。多数患有抑郁症的人接受药物治疗、心理疗法或双管齐下的疗法后会感觉好转。 在妙佑医疗国际治疗抑郁症 产品与服务
症状抑郁症可能在一生中只发生一次，但通常会有多次发作。发作期间，几乎每天大部分时间都会出现症状，其中可能包括：
许多抑郁症患者的症状足以严重到明显影响日常活动，例如工作、学校、社交活动或与他人的关系。有些人可能总会感到痛苦或不开心，却不知道究竟是为什么。 儿童和青少年的抑郁症状儿童和青少年抑郁症的常见体征和症状与成人相似，但也可能存在一些差异。
老年人的抑郁症症状抑郁症不是衰老过程中的正常现象，不应当被轻视。不幸的是，老年人的抑郁症经常得不到诊断和治疗，他们可能也不愿意寻求帮助。老年人的抑郁症症状可能有所不同或不太明显，例如：
何时就诊如果您感到抑郁，请尽快预约就诊或看心理健康专家。如果您不愿意寻求治疗，可以与朋友或亲人、医疗护理专业人员、信仰领袖或您信任的其他人交谈。 何时寻求紧急援助如果您认为自己可能有自残行为或企图自杀，请立即拨打 911 或当地急救电话。 如果您有自杀想法，也可以考虑以下做法：
如果您的所爱之人有自杀风险或有过自杀经历，请确保有人陪伴此人。请立即拨打 911 或您当地的急救电话。或如果您认为能安全做到的话，请将此人送往最近的医院急诊室。 更多信息
病因目前尚不清楚究竟是什么导致了抑郁症。与许多精神疾病一样，这可能涉及多种因素，例如：
风险因素抑郁症通常始于青少年和二三十岁，但任何年龄的人都可能得抑郁症。被诊断患有抑郁症的女性比男性多，但部分原因可能是女性更愿意寻求治疗。 似乎会增加患抑郁症风险或会引发抑郁症的因素包括：
并发症抑郁症是一种严重的疾病，可能给您和您的家人造成巨大的伤害。如果不加以治疗，抑郁症通常会恶化，从而导致情绪、行为和健康问题，从而影响您生活的各个方面。 与抑郁症相关的并发症包括：
预防尚没有可以有效预防抑郁症的明确方法。然而，这些策略可能会有帮助。
Oct. 14, 2022 重度抑郁是抑郁症吗？抑郁症是一种心境障碍，会令人持续感觉忧伤和丧失兴趣。 抑郁症也称为重度抑郁障碍或临床抑郁症，会影响您的感受、思维和行为，可能导致各种情绪和身体问题。
重度抑郁症可以治愈吗？也许这也是你想问的，可以肯定的是，无论是什么程度的抑郁症，无论抑郁症是由什么原因造成的，都是完全可以治愈的，西方及国内有太多的临床及研究数据证明这一事实。
中度抑郁症严重吗？这种抑郁症病情十分严重，需要入院治疗。 患者可能出现的症状包括：焦虑、躁动、失眠、臆想症、认知障碍、行动力下降、产生幻觉或错觉。
怎样才算抑郁症发作？抑郁发作的症状标准主要有10条，其中核心的症状有：. 情绪低落、沮丧、压抑等。. 兴趣下降或愉快感缺乏，无论做什么都提不起兴趣、高兴不起来。. 精力不足，常常感到疲惫。 ... . 注意力降低，无法专心做事；或者犹豫不决。. 精神运动性改变，表现为反应减慢或者增多。. 自我评价低，觉得自己很没用，自卑。. |
重度抑郁症症状
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